![]() cereus (Bressuire‐Isoard et al., 2016) and induces a switch between two alternative types of spore surfaces in B. The conditions of growth and sporulation influence the structure of the spore (Garcia et al., 2010 Abhyankar et al., 2016) and recent reports have shown that the temperature of sporulation modifies the structure of the spore coat and of the exosporium in B. In some of these diverse environments, such as the animal gut (Cutting, 2011), the rhizosphere of plants (Timmusk et al., 2011) and the deep marine sediments (Cupit et al., 2019), spores of some Bacillus species germinate, proliferate and sporulate, indicating a physiological role of aerobic spore formers in those specific environments. Spores are ubiquitous in nature and are commonly isolated from almost all environments where they have been searched for, from desert sands and deep sediments, to the gut of animals and insects (Isticato et al., 2020). subtilis, the model system for spore formers, the coat is surrounded by the crust, an additional layer formed by proteins and glycoproteins, in some respect resembling the exosporium of other species (McKenney et al., 2013). In some species, such as Bacillus anthracis or Clostridioides difficile, the outer coat is surrounded by the exosporium, an additional layer formed by proteins and glycoproteins (McKenney et al., 2013). Spore resistance is in part due to the spore structure, characterized by a dehydrated cytoplasm surrounded by protective layers: a peptidoglycan‐like cortex and a proteinaceous and multilayered coat (McKenney et al., 2013). Although quiescent, the spore senses the environment and responds to the presence of nutrients by germinating and forming a new cell able to grow and eventually sporulate (Christie and Setlow, 2020). The spore can survive almost indefinitely without water and nutrients and at conditions of extreme temperature and pH, and in the presence of toxic chemicals and lytic enzymes (McKenney et al., 2013). Spore formers are mostly Gram‐positive bacteria of the Bacillus and Clostridiales genera sharing the ability to differentiate into a quiescent and resistant cell, the spore, in response to environmental conditions no longer allowing cell growth. Our data suggest that the thermo‐regulator CotH contributes to the switch between the coat of 25☌ and that of 42☌ spores by controlling the phosphorylation levels of CotG that, in turn, regulates the assembly of at least two other coat components. ![]() subtilis spore surface and a substrate of the CotH kinase, assembles around the forming spore but also accumulates in the mother cell cytoplasm where it forms aggregates with at least two other coat components. Here we report that CotG, an abundant component of the B. subtilis the temperature of growth and sporulation has been shown to influence the structure of the spore surface throughout the action of a sporulation‐specific and heat‐labile kinase CotH. Growing and sporulating at different conditions is known to affect the structure and the resistance properties of the produced spore. Such wide distribution mainly reflects the spore resistance properties but some Bacillus species can grow/sporulate in at least some of the environments where they have been originally isolated. Bacterial spores of the Bacillus genus are ubiquitous in nature and are commonly isolated from a variety of diverse environments.
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